Prana: the duality and non-duality of existence.

Prana and Yoga Asana Yoga asana is not an external form created to get you more likes on Instagram. They are a set of various shapes designed to activate powerful internal actions that create more space and alignment throughout the skeletal, muscular and nervous system. Each form is designed so that the practitioner may increase their perception and experience of Prana, or life energy. Often times Prana is mistaken for the breath. However, Prana is not the breath, the breath is merely a vehicle for Prana. Prana, life energy, exists in everything – including and especially in the spaces between things. From the rocks, to the trees to the ocean and mountain tops. There is even Prana in the skyscrapers that block out the sunlight and the asphalt that soaks it up. In quantum physics it is both the wave and the particle – interchangeable as both physical matter and unseen energy. It is the universal and mysterious energy that interconnects and underlies everything. Prana is not good or bad and it makes no judgement calls. However, like electricity, there are materials and forms that are more conducive to the flow of Prana and materials that are less conducive. The work of Yoga asana is to make the physical form of the body more conducive to the flow and perception of this life energy. This then affects all the other layers (Koshas) of existence as well. This is why I tell my students the science of Yoga Asana is Magic. In observing the intricate internal actions of Yoga asana you transform your body into a Pranic alchemy machine that creates internal combustible reactions throughout the various layers of existence. The Purpose of Yoga Asana In every Yoga Asana exists every other Yoga Asana. Correct and true principals of movement and form are repeated again and again through Asana practice to help the student experience greater life energy and remember, on a visceral level, rather than a mental one, the nature of existence. All of the pain relief, increased strength, flexibility and reduction in stress are the side effects of a consciously executed Asana practice, not its purpose. The Duality and Non-Duality of Existence We live in a world of time and duality. Even our brains function in opposition. Of up and down. In and out. Back and forth. Yet, according to Yogic philosophy at the root of all existence there is no time and therefore no duality. This goes back to the concept of Prana as merely being a force of energy, electricity, that exists in everything. It is not up or down, in or out, back or forth. It just flows towards and fills  material and space. In Yoga Asana, this flow and expansion of Prana is created by internal forces of opposition. These 5 basic forces as discussed in the Upanishads and illustrated below are: Udana:  Movement Upwards Vyana: Movement Ouwards Samana: Movement Inwards Apana: Movement Downwards Prana: Has no direction: Exists everywhere The duality of these aforementioned forces in opposition create a space of non-duality where Prana expands. In Yoga Asana as we increase our observation of duality within our own bodies, we can perceive that beyond it there is a canvas of non-duality upon which these various opposing energies paint pictures and scenes. The energy itself is non-directional. Non-dual. Not good or bad. The various forces around it decide the path it will go. Think of a piece of music. There are notes that move in all sorts of directions with all sorts of rhythms and speeds. These opposing notes, rhythms and speeds is what moves the energy and mood of a person, a group, a room. It is what breaks up the misery of monotony and makes music so moving. Nonetheless, it is the silence between the notes that makes the music possible.  And this is the alchemy of Yoga. In working with the body through the tool of Yoga Asana we perceive on a visceral level the opposition that is a necessary part of growth. Of expansion and movement. Without it there is no transformation. Yet if we deepen our perception, listen and observe we can experience for ourselves that behind the ups and downs, the ins and outs, and the back and forth, there is stillness, silence, a state of pure potentiality, bliss and non-dual existence. Covid 19: A force of opposition It has almost been a year since the world was turned upside down by the restrictions surrounding Covid 19. Many people have suffered from the virus itself and arguably many more have suffered from the resulting restrictions of isolation and confinement. Many people, including myself, have lost loved ones, their businesses and homes. There are various perceptions concerning the virus and the measures taken. For many of us, it appears to be a matter out of our hands. Yet, nothing is ever out of our hands. How we choose to react to a situation is always within our power and our responsibility – our ability to respond. Just like in Yoga Asana. We can choose to give up the moment we feel restrictions and difficulty in a pose. That is a legitimate response. Who wants to be in pain? However, if we allow ourselves to feel into the restriction and explore the difficulty of the pose, adapt the pose and find the modification that allows us to best observe those forces in opposition actively working to create more space, we can begin to experience the expansion of prana, of blissful life energy. We can begin to observe and even enjoy the various  directions and sensations of expansion that each Yoga Asana offers.   So it is in life. We have the choice to simply give up and crawl under the covers as difficult and uncomfortable circumstances come our way. Circumstances that seem to pull us apart in all sorts of directions. It is a legitimate response, but it is not one that will transform you or get you closer to bliss.

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Backbends, Inversiones and your mood

As we continue to get through the colder, darker and more sedative months of winter, inversions and backbends are a fantastic and holistic way to combat the symptoms of SAD (seasonal affective disorder), exhale out the stress of the holidays and warm up the body and soul. Due to their physical form backbends and inversions activate the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve has a direct effect on our levels of energy and mood. In modern psychology the concept of embodied congnition is used to discuss this body to brain connection. This theory that the body can affect the brain is a concept that Hatha Yoga has always asserted. It affirms that if we transform the more gross, or physical aspects of life, for example physical posture or breath rhythm, we will be able to change the more sutil parts of our existence such as thoughts and perspectives. This ability to change our thoughts and perceptions is fundamental to our wellbeing. One of the principal mechanisms of this transformation in thought and perception is found in the vagus nerve. All Yoga poses work with the nervous system, but thanks to their physical forms, inversions and backbends are especially effective for activating the vagus nerve, increase levels of energy and transform a negative perspective into a positive outlook.  What is the Vagus Nerve? The Vagus Nerve is a fascinating nerve that is linked to everything from digestion to depression. Vagus is Latin for ´to wander´ and that is exactly what this nerve does. Looking kind of like an upside tree, it starts up behind the ear moves down the neck and continues to spread out it´s tentacles along the chest, around the heart and into the gut. 70-80% (some research says 90%) of the information that is passed along the vagus nerve moves from the bottom up and only 20-30% of it moves from the top down. This is why some people say the second brain is in the gut. All those sensations that are experienced in the gut (which has as many neurons as a cat´s brain) and along the organs connected to the Vagus Nerve are sent up to the brain to be analyzed and interpreted by the pre-frontal cortex, language centers and amygdala. That means working with the vagus nerve and the organs connected to it can modify messages sent to the brain about sensations that are experienced in the body. Furthermore, the majority (80-90%) of the ´feel good´ neurotransmitter, serotonin is produced in the gastro-intestinal tract. The upward movement of information along the Vagus Nerve and the connected internal organs demonstrates how working with the body, one gets to the brain. Changing body forms influences our energy levels, hormones, sexual desire, sleep patterns and digestion by toning the vagus nerve. Working with the body to control the mind and increase quality of life IS precisely the theory behind the practices and postures of Hatha Yoga. Psychology and the Vagus Nerve According to the polyvagal theory presented by Dr. Stephen Porges, director of the Brain and Body Center at the University of Illinois,  as well as other related theories presented by researchers such as Dr. Levine, founder of Somatic Experience, and Dr. Van Der Kolk, it is  hypothesized that there is a direct connection with the poor functioning of the vagus nerve and its associated organs with anxiety and depression. Simply put, the hypothesis is that anxiety has it´s root in an overactive fight/flight response and depression is then the result of the frustrated fight/flight response. In other words, when the nervous system perceives that there is no way out of a perceived threat, the biological defense response is a kind system shut-down that results in what researchers call ´freeze´ and what would be experienced on the emotional level as depression. In fact, when we enter in this this freeze response, the part of the brain that controls language also shuts down. It is for this reason that Dr. Van Der Kolk in his research with soldiers suffering from PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) observed that therapeutic body work was more effective than traditional talk therapy or prescription pharmaceuticals. He realized that one has to enter into the body to release the tension physically held in the body; something that talking and pills just do not do. Researchers like Levine, Porges and Van Der Kolk argue that often sensations of stress, anxiety and depression occur first in the body and are then interpreted in the brain. The primary path of this communication from body to brain is the vagus nerve. There is more and more literature discussing the importance of a good ´vagal tone´ to maintain both mental and physical health. In fact, pharmaceutical giants Glaxo-Smith-Kline are trying to make profit out of this fact by investing over 50 million dollars in researching a device that would provide vagus nerve stimulation  (Medicine Beyond, p. 235). Lucky for humanity, Vagus nerve stimulation is something that Hatha Yoga has been providing naturally and free for over thousands of years. A well executed Yoga asana will activate and relax the nervous system, the fascia, multiple meridians, the endocrine system, muscles, bones, joints, tendons and ligaments all at once.  It is for this reason that Hatha Yoga is a such a timeless and powerful practice.  Backbends/Back extensions: Due to the physical form of these poses backbends work directly with the vagus nerve. Backbends, or back extensions as they are also known, work by opening and toning the front of the belly, chest, sternum and throat which, as mentioned earlier is home to that wandering vagus nerve. Via breath, pressure, stretching and by holding back bends SAFELY while breathing into the pose the organs associated with the vagus nerve and the nerve itself is activated, toned and strengthened. A well ´toned´ vagus nerve and the attached organs means that the brain receives biological signals of relaxation such as a regulated digestive tract, slower heart rate and deeper breath. It signals to the brain, via the Vagus Nerve,

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